According to the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, circumventing copyright protection systems is a criminal act; however, the Librarian of Congress is empowered by Section 1201 of the Act to periodically enact temporary exemptions to these prohibitions in cases where they would unnecessarily inhibit legitimate uses of copyrighted works. Typically, exemptions have been made to allow educators to compile excerpts of copyrighted works for the purposes of criticism and comment.
In 2018, the Librarian of Congress renewed/enacted several exemptions related to the Section 1201 Rulemaking process, including:
- Excerpts of motion pictures (including television programs and videos) for criticism and comment:
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- For educational uses,
- By college and university or K-12 faculty and students
- By faculty of massive open online courses (“MOOCs”)
- By educators and participants in digital and literacy programs offered by libraries, museums and other nonprofits
- For nonfiction multimedia e-books
- For uses in documentary films and other films where the use is in parody or for a biographical or historically significant nature
- For uses in noncommercial videos